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With destinations steadily ‘opening back up for business' (while COVID-19 cases are still high in many areas), there is an increasing need to consider residents. Integrating the cognitive appraisal theory and the affect theory of exchange, this work tests a structural model examining the degree to which residents' perceptions of COVID-19 precautionary measures explain emotions directed toward visitors, and ultimately their willingness to engage in shared behaviors with tourists. Data were collected from 530 residents in 25 U.S. counties with the highest percentages of historical COVID-19 cases per population. A total of 10 of the 12 tested hypotheses were significant, contributing to 60% and 85% of the variance explained in contending and accommodating emotions, and 53% and 50% of the variance explained in engaging in less intimate–distal and more intimate–proximal behaviors with tourists. The implications highlight the complementary use of the two frameworks in explaining residents' preference for engagement in less intimate–distal interactions with tourists.
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The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Covid-19, an infectious illness. A methodology was created to track the vaccination history of people with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Covid-19, an infectious illness. The system operates on a Raspberry Pi processor that is designed to authenticate the vaccination records of individuals. The Vaccination Identification System consists of various components connected to the Raspberry Pi Zero 2W microprocessor, Pi camera, an LCD display, LED indicators, a buzzer, a DC servo motor, and a PCB converter. The proposed system grants access to vaccinated individuals and denies access to those who are not vaccinated.
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Tension between the Trump administration and its public health officials burst into the open this week, as President Donald Trump openly criticised his top infectious disease specialist, Anthony Fauci, for testifying in Congress against the reopening of states that have not met the administration's published criteria for ending their lockdowns.1 Dozens of mostly Republican controlled states are lifting restrictions despite failing grades on metrics such as new daily infections and percentage of positive test results. Maskless revellers filled bars across Wisconsin on the night of 13 May, as the state's conservative dominated Supreme Court struck down a lockdown imposed by Democratic governor Tony Evers. White House, April 16, 2020. https://www.whitehouse.gov/openingamerica/ 2 Dyer O. Covid-19: Trump says added deaths are necessary price for reopening US businesses.
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PurposeThis study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being and mental health of the seafarers who had to overstay on ships after their contracts expired, identifies topics that affect their mental distress and recommends measures to overcome these.Design/methodology/approachFour research questions about the impacts on the seafarers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were raised. A literature review and a questionnaire survey were conducted to find answers. Ship officers were asked to assess and fill in the questionnaires for the stranded seafarers onboard in order to collect sufficient samples rapidly for this study.FindingsDespite the guidelines provided by the shipping companies being adequate to protect the seafarers from COVID-19, their mental distress levels have been worsened under the pandemic. The crew change crisis causes anxiety and negatively impacts on their working performance;however, the repatriation expectation of the stranded seafarers is of the highest concern. Three topics were identified as having impacts on the mental health of the stranded seafarers: crew change crisis, low vaccination rate and the lack of key worker recognition. While international stakeholders are advocating for support in these issues, the shipping companies and the seafarers need to do their parts to exacerbate the mental distress, and to survive and thrive beyond the pandemic.Originality/valueThe findings of this study will help the shipping companies to navigate the challenges and the seafarers to overcome issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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The study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial condition and mortality in Polish voivodeships. To achieve this objective, the relationship between the number of deaths before and during the pandemic and the financial condition of the provinces in Poland was studied. The study covered the years 2017–2020, for which a one-way ANOVA was used to verify whether there was a relationship between the level of a province's financial condition and the number of deaths. The results of the study are surprising and show that before the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a higher number of deaths in provinces that were better off financially, but the relationship was not statistically significant. In contrast, during the pandemic, a statistically significant strong negative correlation between these values was proven, which, in practice, shows that regions with better financial conditions had a higher number of deaths during COVID-19.
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This research examines the significance of having all seven aspects of human security. A series of questions were directed toward a sample of Yemeni participants living inside and outside of Yemen in order to get an insight into the daily struggles they face as a result of conflict. The interviews reveal the impact war has on human security and the absence of all seven components of human security put forward by the United Nations. This research argues that security in every shape and form is extremely important as all seven components are interlinked. As the world's attention is on Ukraine and the impact of the Russia–Ukraine War on civilians, this article pushes the reader to question the deafening silence of the world when it comes to the situation in Yemen. Without acknowledgment, raising awareness, and holding those in charge of the war accountable for their wrongdoings, change will never prevail.
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PurposeTelecommuting can reduce traffic congestion, energy consumption, prevalence and a death toll of COVID-19 among employees due to less transportation and fewer physical contacts among employees, on the one hand, and efficiently develop their use of information and communications technology, on the other hand. In this regard, the present study aims to explore antecedents and consequences of telecommuting in public organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a descriptive survey method to collect data. The statistical population includes all employees of government organizations in West Azerbaijan province in 2020, which according to the collected information, their number is equal to 63,079 employees. Based on Cochran's formula, a sample size of 686 people was obtained;stratified random sampling was used to select sampling. The process of calculating the sample volume was such that after referring to the preliminary sample and processing the collected data, the variance of the given answers was approximately 0.446. After obtaining the variance of the data, assuming a maximum acceptable error of 5% and a significance level of 0.05, the Cochran's formula calculated the sample size to be 686 people. In order to collect and measure data for the study, a standard questionnaire and the collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsFindings indicate that there is no meaningful relationship between the employees' physical job conditions or the quality of their life with telecommuting and that telecommuting does not have a significant effect on their life. However, job burnout, training and telecommuting experience have a significant positive effect on telecommuting, which in turn has a positive and significant effect on job security, job flexibility, organizational performance and overall productivity of employees.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is a cross-sectional study, and its data have been collected in a certain period of time, while longitudinal research can provide a richer result. Future research can benefit from the impact of employee isolation and telecommuter organizational commitment.Originality/valueThis study hopes to contribute to the increase of the scientific knowledge in the telecommuting field and to allow organizations to rethink the telecommuting strategies to optimize resources and costs and to improve the organization's productivity without harming the quality of life and well-being of their workers.
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Intelligence education and practice require significant adaptations to the global heating crisis, pandemic disease, and environmental threats. The latter are now and will increasingly influence traditional national security, yet most security analysis focuses almost exclusively on human agency, not complex environmental risks. This unique era in human history possesses unprecedented "wicked" security drivers altering more familiar international economic, geopolitical, and military variables. The security drivers present an acute cultural, intellectual, and institutional adaptation problem. The Intelligence Community (IC) community remains limited by bureaucratic tribalism, inertia, predictable human cognitive security biases, and fundamental knowledge gaps. U.S. politically driven controversies about climate and pandemics threaten its professional analytical effectiveness. The IC must go beyond business-as-usual incrementalism toward much greater interdisciplinary integration of science and natural systems into intelligence education and practice.
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The battles over masking only amplified preexisting culture and race wars in which entrenched libertarianism and neoliberal individualism evaded the economic and existential precarity caused by degraded social welfare and state health care. Counterterrorism projects such as Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) introduced by Barack Obama have relied on recruitment of community members, social service providers, and educators for self-surveillance and self-regulation of political expression and community organizing: a liberal counterterrorism approach for "reformist reform.” 5 Nabeel Abraham and Will Youmans provide important analyses of the "Containment System” in response to the War on Terror, based on "entrepreneurial opportunism” (Rodríguez) by Arab and Muslim American educators, professionals, and community leaders (including in the nonprofit industrial complex), some of whom collaborated with federal and state agencies.6 Academic Containment Reckoning with these critiques from critical Arab American or Southwest Asian and North African (SWANA) studies requires grappling with the long history of anti-Arab/Muslim state policies of surveillance, policing, and mass incarceration that preceded 2001. The Zionist lobby and anti-Palestinian organizations such as the Anti-Defamation League have increasingly deployed the language of tolerance and civility to tar critics of Israel with charges of anti-Semitism.7 These liberal strategies, illustrating Rodríguez's argument, can be more damaging than frontal attacks on the Palestine justice movement because the language of racism is harder to challenge
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Background Novel-coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is currently a pandemic and public health emergency of international concern, as avowed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Ethiopia has become one of the affected countries as of March 15, 2020. Objective This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practices among the Jimma University medical center (JUMC) visitors in Jimma town. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 247 sampled visitors, from 20–24 March 2020. Consecutive sampling was used to recruit the participants. The study tools were adapted from WHO resources. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the status of knowledge, perception, and practices. Logistic regression was executed to assess the predictors of dominant preventive practices. Results Of the 247 respondents, 205 (83.0%) knew the main clinical symptoms of COVID-19. 72.0% knew that older people who have chronic illnesses are at high risk of developing a severe form of COVID-19. About 95.1% knew that the COVID-19 virus spreads via respiratory droplets of infected people, while 77 (31.2%) of the respondents knew about the possibility of asymptomatic transmission. Only 15 (6.1%) knew that children and young adults had to involve preventive measures. Overall, 41.3% of the visitors had high knowledge. The majority, 170(68.8%), felt self-efficacious to controlling COVID-19. 207(83.3%) believed that COVID-19 is a stigmatized disease. Frequent hand washing (77.3%) and avoidance of shaking hands (53.8%) were the dominant practices. Knowledge status and self-efficacy (positively), older age, and unemployment (negatively) predicted hand washing and avoidance of handshaking. Conclusions The status of knowledge and desirable practices were not sufficient enough to combat this rapidly spreading virus. COVID-19 risk communication and public education efforts should focus on building an appropriate level of knowledge while enhancing the adoption of recommended self-care practices with special emphasis on high-risk audience segments.
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The study investigated COVID-19 pandemic infections, recoveries, and fatalities in Nigeria to forecast future values of infections, recoveries, and fatalities and thus ascertain the extent to which the pandemic appeared to be converging with time. The prediction of COVID-19 infections, recoveries, and fatalities was necessitated by the impact that the pandemic had exerted in world economies since its outbreak in late 2019. The quantitative method was employed, and a longitudinal research design was applied. Data were obtained from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). The least-squares test and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) tests were performed to forecast infections, recoveries, and fatalities. The results of the predicted infections for the last five months of the year (August–December 2020) shows that the cases of infections will narrow down within the period. The need for policymakers to implement complete unlocking of the economy for speedy economic recovery was suggested, among others.
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PurposeThis study aims to estimate the overall SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and evaluate the accuracy of an antibody rapid test compared to a reference serological assay during a COVID-19 outbreak in a prison complex housing over 13,000 prisoners in Brasília.Design/methodology/approachThe authors obtained a randomized, stratified representative sample of each prison unit and conducted a repeated serosurvey among prisoners between June and July 2020, using a lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA). Samples were also retested using a chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLIA) to compare SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and 21-days incidence, as well as to estimate the overall infection fatality rate (IFR) and determine the diagnostic accuracy of the LFIA test.FindingsThis study identified 485 eligible individuals and enrolled 460 participants. Baseline and 21-days follow-up seroprevalence were estimated at 52.0% (95% CI 44.9–59.0) and 56.7% (95% CI 48.2–65.3) with LFIA;and 80.7% (95% CI 74.1–87.3) and 81.1% (95% CI 74.4–87.8) with CLIA, with an overall IFR of 0.02%. There were 78.2% (95% CI 66.7–89.7) symptomatic individuals among the positive cases. Sensitivity and specificity of LFIA were estimated at 43.4% and 83.3% for IgM;46.5% and 91.5% for IgG;and 59.1% and 77.3% for combined tests.Originality/valueThe authors found high seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies within the prison complex. The occurrence of asymptomatic infection highlights the importance of periodic mass testing in addition to case-finding of symptomatic individuals;however, the field performance of LFIA tests should be validated. This study recommends that vaccination strategies consider the inclusion of prisoners and prison staff in priority groups.
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aims: To describe the epidemiology, clinical features and healthcare impact of invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) disease in Hawke's Bay from 2016 to 2021, to inform public health efforts. methods: The case definition of iGAS for this study was isolation of group A streptococcus (GAS) from blood culture. "Severe iGAS" included cases that required intensive care admission or died within 60 days. Cases were identified retrospectively from the Te Whatu Ora Te Matau a Māui Hawke's Bay laboratory database. Clinical data were obtained from inpatient electronic health records. results: A total of 93 cases of iGAS were identified in Hawke's Bay during the 6-year study period. The overall age-standardised incidence of iGAS was 5.6 per 100,000 (95%CI 4.1-7.4). The incidence was significantly higher among people of Pacific, Māori and Asian ethnicities than European/Other ethnicities, and higher in areas of socio-economic disadvantage. Skin infections were the most common source (70% of cases). Thirty-seven cases (41%) were classified as severe, including 11 deaths (12% case fatality rate). conclusions: Further action is required to address inequities in social determinants of skin health in Hawke's Bay. Mandatory national notification of iGAS would provide opportunity for improved surveillance of GAS-related disease, and consideration of a public health response to iGAS disease in New Zealand.
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<Positive> In January 2023 (from 0:00 on January 1, 2023 to 24:00 on January 31), a total of 249 324 notifiable infectious diseases were reported nationwide (excluding Hong Kong, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan, the same below). For example, 2 158 people died. Among them, no cases of morbidity or death were reported for Class A infectious diseases. Among Class B infectious diseases, there are no reports of morbidity and death in infectious atypical pneumonia, polio, human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza, diphtheria, schistosomiasis, and human infection with H7N9 avian influenza. Except for the new coronavirus infection, the remaining 20 A total of 184,750 cases of Class B infectious diseases were reported, and 2,158 deaths were reported. The top 5 diseases with the highest number of reported cases were viral hepatitis (89 719 cases reported, 32 deaths reported), tuberculosis (53 730 cases reported, 327 deaths reported), syphilis (28 708 cases reported, 3 deaths were reported), gonorrhea (4 762 reported cases, 0 reported deaths) and brucellosis (reported cases, reported deaths), accounted for 97% of the total number of reported cases of Class B infectious diseases.
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BackgroundRadiological examinations of COVID-19 positive patients play a vital role in early diagnosis and assessment of disease course, as most COVID-19 infected patients were diagnosed with pneumonia and characteristic CT imaging patterns. Asymptomatic infected individuals, called "asymptomatic carrier or transmitter”, who are the infectious sources of SARS-CoV-2, and some of them progress rapidly, even resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with a high case-fatality rate. Our study is a prospective study and aims to be familiar with the CT imaging features of asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia.ResultsA total of 44 asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia between March 20, 2020 and May 23, 2020 were enrolled. All patients had a history of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 or recent travel history. All patients had no symptoms. The predominant feature of CT findings in this cross-sectional study was ground-glass opacity (GGO) (41, 93%) with peripheral (34, 77.3%) distribution, bilateral location (20, 45.5%) with lower lobe predominance (left lower lobe 72% and right lower lobe 50%).ConclusionCT imaging of asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia has highly characteristics findings. Since asymptomatic patients are the asymptomatic transmitter, and some patients can progress rapidly in the short term, it is essential to early diagnose asymptomatic patients with COVID-19. CT scan has great sensitivity in screening and detecting patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Background The mechanism of injury, type of pathology, mode of management and specific problems, in the pediatric age group make these a unique population. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown caused a significant reduction in the number of road traffic accidents during the same period and the resultant number of head injuries in children.Methods This was a descriptive study of 76 consecutive pediatric patients admitted with head injury between June and December 2020. Children under 18 years with head injury admitted in our hospital were included.Results The most common etiology of pediatric head injury was found to be fall from height (61.8%) followed by road traffic accidents (27.6%). The most common age group affected was 1 to 5 years with a mean of 6.3 +/- 1 5 years. Road traffic accidents were commonly seen in the 15 to 18 age group. The Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) of 1 (death) was seen in one patient (1.3%) and low disability in 98.7% of patients.Conclusion Falls formed the most important cause of pediatric head injury during this pandemic, and carefulness on the part of parents can help avoid dangerous consequences for the children. Recovery with minimal disability was observed in approximately all cases in this study. The number of severe traumatic brain injury was very low in this study. This can be attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic causing significant reduction in road traffic accidents and the number of severe head injury Clinicoetiological Profile of Children Admitted with Head Injury During the COVID Pandemic
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The COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a global public health and mental health disaster and a massive negative psychosocial experience for students. The counteractive measures are mainly on epidemiology, prevention, and management of the COVID-19 infection, with little attention on mental health. From this background, this study sought to assess the effect of COVID-19 on students ' mental health during quarantine and isolation. An exploratory qualitative research design was applied to determine how COVID-19 affected students' mental health during quarantine and isolation. Purposive sampling was used to obtain cases deemed rich in information to ensure that saturation was reached. Thus, 12 students participated in the study. Data was collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using Tesch's method of data analysis. The trustworthiness of data was ensured through credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability. The study revealed that participants experienced behavioural changes during quarantine and isolation. Irregular sleeping patterns, difficulty in sleeping, and decreased appetite were the behavioural changes that the participants reported. The study also highlighted the coping techniques used by the participants during their quarantine and isolation periods. Religion and support from healthcare workers, family, and friends were some coping strategies that most participants believed to be beneficial. It is concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic poses an unprecedented threat to students ' mental health during quarantine and isolation.
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This study presents forecasting methods using time series analysis for confirmed cases, the number of deaths and recovery cases, and individual vaccination status in different states of India. It aims to forecast the confirmed cases and mortality rate and develop an artificial intelligence method and different statistical methodologies that can help predict the future of Covid‐19 cases. Various forecasting methods in time series analysis such as ARIMA, Holt's trend, naive, simple exponential smoothing, TBATS, and MAPE are extended for the study. It also involved the case fatality rate for the number of deaths and confirmed cases for respective states in India. This study includes the forecast values for the number of positive cases, cured patients, mortality rate, and case fatality rate for Covid‐19 cases. Among all forecast methods involved in this study, the naive and simple exponential smoothing method shows an increased number of positive instances and cured patients.Alternate :Este estudio presenta métodos de pronóstico que utilizan el análisis de series temporales para los casos confirmados, el número de muertes y casos recuperados, y el estado de vacunación individual en diferentes estados de la India. Su objetivo es pronosticar los casos confirmados y la tasa de mortalidad y desarrollar un método de inteligencia artificial y diferentes metodologías estadísticas que puedan ayudar a predecir el futuro de los casos de Covid‐19. Para el estudio se adaptaron varios métodos de pronóstico para el análisis de series temporales como ARIMA, la tendencia de Holt, el ingenuo, el suavizado exponencial simple, TBATS y MAPE. También se incluyó la tasa de fatalidades para el número de muertes y casos confirmados para los respectivos estados de la India. Este estudio incluye los valores de pronóstico para el número de casos positivos, los pacientes curados, la tasa de mortalidad y la tasa de fatalidades para los casos de Covid‐19. Entre todos los métodos de pronóstico utilizados en este estudio, el método ingenuo y el de suavización exponencial simple muestran un mayor número de casos positivos y de pacientes curados.Alternate :抄録本研究は、インドの州における確定症例、死亡数及び回復例、および個人のワクチン接種状況に関する時系列分析を用いた予測方法を提示する。確定症例と死亡率を予測し、人工知能を用いた方法とCOVID‐19の症例の将来を予測するのに役立ついくつかの統計学的方法論を開発することを目指す。ARIMA、Holtのトレンド、単純法、単純指数平滑化法、TBATS、MAPEなどの時系列解析における各種予測法を拡張した。また、インドの各州の死亡者数と確定症例数の致死率も含んだ。本研究は、COVID‐19症例に対する、陽性症例数、治癒患者数、死亡率、および致死率に対する予測値を含む。この研究に含まれるすべての予測法の中で、単純法と単純指数平滑法は、陽性者数と治癒患者数の増加を予測した。
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It is known that prenatal women with COVID-19 are more liable to severe disease and poor newborn outcomes. Understanding the effects of this pandemic on prenatal women is still not known. Studies have shown that gravid women are more liable to COVID19 infection because of changed physiology and immunological characters. So, this study aimed to investigate gravid women's knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices to avoid COVID-19 in Sakaka city, Al jouf region, Saudi Arabia. A communitybased cross-sectional study was conducted with 150 gravid women in Sakaka City. The samples were achieved using a simple random sampling technique from February to March, 2022. The data were collected by face-to-face survey with a planned and pretested survey and analyzed by SPSS. The study tool consists of six sections including. The demographics of the prenatal women, knowledge about COVID-19, Participants' attitudes, symptom, practices of prenatal women toward COVID-19. The results showed that the percentage of score of good knowledge before awareness was (34.0%), and the percentage of score of good knowledge after awareness was (73.33%) and the score of practices of prenatal women of good practices before awareness was (33.33%), and the percentage of score of good practices after awareness increased to (91.33%).The percentage of change between score of knowledge and practices of prenatal women before awareness was - 0.67 but percentage of change between score of knowledge and practices of prenatal women after awareness increased to +18%. Although most study members had good knowledge about the preventative measures of COVID-19, they did not practice them, bur their practices increased after awareness. The study recommended that the awareness should be extended to rural areas where access to electronic media is limited.Alternate :On sait que les femmes enceintes atteintes de COVID-19 sont plus susceptibles de contracter une maladie grave et d'avoir de mauvais résultats pour le nouveau-né. La compréhension des effets de cette pandémie sur les femmes enceintes n'est toujours pas connue. Des études ont montré que les femmes gravides sont plus susceptibles d'etre infectées par le COVID-19 en raison d'une modification de la physiologie et des caracteres immunologiques. Ainsi, cette étude visait å enqueter sur les connaissances, les attitudes et les pratiques préventives des femmes gravides pour éviter le COVID-19 dans la ville de Sakaka, région d'Al jouf, en Arabie saoudite. Une étude transversale communautaire a été menée aupres de 150 femmes gravides dans la ville de Sakaka. Les échantillons ont été réalisés å l'aide d'une technique d'échantillonnage aléatoire simple de février å mars 2022. Les données ont été recueillies par enquete en face å face avec une enquete planifiée et pré-testée et analysées par SPSS. L'outil d'étude se compose de six sections dont. La démographie des femmes enceintes, les connaissances sur le COVID-19, les attitudes des participantes, les symptômes, les pratiques des femmes enceintes face au COVID-19. Les résultats ont montré que le pourcentage de score de bonne connaissance avant sensibilisation était de (34,0%), et le pourcentage de score de bonne connaissance apres sensibilisation était de (73,33%) et le score de pratiques des femmes prénatales de bonnes pratiques avant sensibilisation était de (33,33 %), et le pourcentage de score de bonnes pratiques apres sensibilisation est passé å (91,33%). Le pourcentage de changement entre le score de connaissances et les pratiques des femmes prénatales avant la sensibilisation était de - 0,67 mais le pourcentage de changement entre le score de connaissances et les pratiques de prénatal femmes apres sensibilisation a augmenté å +18%. Bien que la plupart des membres de l'étude aient une bonne connaissance des mesures préventives du COVID-19, ils ne les ont pas pratiquées, mais leurs pratiques ont augmenté apres la sensibilisation. L'étude a recommandé que la sensibilisation soit étendue aux zones urales oú l'acces aux médias électroniques est limité.